一、高層建築物防雷係統的構成
suizhechengshihuajinchengdetuijin,gaocengjianzhuwuzaixiandaichengshijianshezhongyuelaiyuepubian,gaocengjianzhuwuzhuyaozhichaoguoyidinggaoduhecengshudejianzhu。gaocengjianzhuwuyinqijianzhutedian,rongyishoudaoleidianweihai,jianzhuwuzaoshouleijihou,huichuxiandadianliufangdiandeqingkuang,chanshenggaore、高溫情況,給人們帶來生命財產的損失。建築物防雷係統組成需要依據我國相關法律法規,同時需要進行接閃器檢測、引下線檢測、均壓環檢測、接地裝置、屏蔽設施檢測等。防雷係統普遍由外部係統和內部係統兩部分組成,外部係統普遍用基礎接地體、人工接地體、引下線、均壓環(防側擊雷)、接閃器、等電位連接導體組成;內部防雷係統主要由基礎接地體、人工接地體、引下線、電湧保護器、綜合布線係統、屏(ping)蔽(bi)係(xi)統(tong)及(ji)等(deng)電(dian)位(wei)連(lian)接(jie)導(dao)體(ti)構(gou)成(cheng)。內(nei)外(wai)部(bu)防(fang)雷(lei)係(xi)統(tong)相(xiang)互(hu)協(xie)同(tong)工(gong)作(zuo),有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)實(shi)現(xian)高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)防(fang)雷(lei),提(ti)高(gao)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)的(de)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)能(neng)。外(wai)部(bu)防(fang)雷(lei)係(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)雷(lei)電(dian)流(liu)引(yin)入(ru)大(da)地(di),內(nei)部(bu)防(fang)雷(lei)係(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)防(fang)止(zhi)雷(lei)電(dian)感(gan)應(ying)出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)內(nei),將(jiang)雷(lei)電(dian)的(de)強(qiang)作(zuo)用(yong)和(he)電(dian)磁(ci)脈(mai)衝(chong)攔(lan)截(jie),減(jian)少(shao)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)設(she)備(bei)和(he)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)危(wei)險(xian)係(xi)數(shu)。
二、高層建築物防雷裝置檢測技術
1.接閃器(直擊雷)
高層建築物防雷裝置需要設置接閃器,分為針、帶、網wang三san種zhong形xing式shi,防fang雷lei裝zhuang置zhi檢jian測ce中zhong使shi用yong接jie閃shan器qi可ke以yi將jiang雷lei電dian導dao入ru大da地di,減jian少shao雷lei電dian造zao成cheng建jian築zhu物wu損sun壞huai的de情qing況kuang。接jie閃shan器qi因yin其qi具ju有you先xian期qi導dao流liu的de特te點dian,因yin此ci需xu要yao檢jian測ce接jie閃shan器qi的de材cai料liao規gui格ge、敷設方式、敷設高度、網格尺寸、焊接點的搭接長度、焊接質量、抗拉力、防腐處理、敷設工藝、接jie地di電dian阻zu,如ru果guo接jie閃shan器qi符fu合he建jian築zhu設she計ji規gui範fan要yao求qiu,選xuan取qu合he適shi規gui格ge尺chi寸cun的de接jie閃shan器qi,根gen據ju被bei保bao護hu物wu的de實shi際ji情qing況kuang還hai應ying采cai用yong滾gun球qiu法fa計ji算suan接jie閃shan器qi的de保bao護hu範fan圍wei是shi否fou達da到dao要yao求qiu。
2.引下線
引(yin)下(xia)線(xian)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)接(jie)閃(shan)器(qi)與(yu)接(jie)地(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)之(zhi)間(jian)進(jin)行(xing)連(lian)接(jie),充(chong)當(dang)連(lian)接(jie)導(dao)體(ti)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),如(ru)果(guo)出(chu)現(xian)雷(lei)電(dian)天(tian)氣(qi)時(shi),引(yin)下(xia)線(xian)可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)雷(lei)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行(xing)釋(shi)放(fang),引(yin)入(ru)到(dao)大(da)地(di),減(jian)少(shao)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)雷(lei)電(dian)損(sun)壞(huai)。引(yin)下(xia)線(xian)主(zhu)要(yao)具(ju)有(you)三(san)種(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)法(fa),常(chang)用(yong)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)內(nei)柱(zhu)子(zi)主(zhu)鋼(gang)筋(jin)作(zuo)為(wei)防(fang)雷(lei)線(xian),同(tong)時(shi)明(ming)敷(fu)、暗敷也可以作為引下線的方法。明敷法進行引下線時,運用平直無急彎的特點,被廣泛應用,同時引下線連接接閃器、接地裝置,注意焊接或連接點位置牢靠,應用防腐、fangxiudefangshijinxingchuli,jianshaozhuangzhichuxiansunhuai。yinxiaxianzaizhuangzhizhongyaozhuyijianshaogenqitadianqixianluzhijiandejuli,pubianshezhiyaozhishaodayuyimi。yinxiaxianshiyonganfufa,jianzhuwuzhuzizhugangjinjinxinganfushi,keyixiancongjianzhuwudejichujianshebufenjinxingjiansheshigong,yinxiaxianshiyongzhongyunyongjianzhuwuzhugangjinxuyaoguanzhulianjiechudehanjieshifoulaokao。jianzhuwufangleijiancezhongjianzhuwujiangyinxiaxianyudadijinxinglianjie,bingqiezaiyinxiaxianshigongweizhishiyongyouqizuohaobiaoji。
3.高層建築物接地電阻檢測
jiedidianzujiancezhuyaocaiyongsanjifa。jiedidianzujiancexuanyongjiliangbumenjiandingqudehegezhengdeceshiyiqi,jianceshixuyaojiangbeicejieditiyuceshiyilianjie,tongshibaozhengceshiyi、電壓輔助極、電(dian)流(liu)輔(fu)助(zhu)極(ji)按(an)一(yi)條(tiao)線(xian)布(bu)置(zhi)。進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)雷(lei)接(jie)地(di)電(dian)阻(zu)檢(jian)測(ce)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)流(liu)極(ji)與(yu)電(dian)壓(ya)極(ji)測(ce)量(liang)線(xian)電(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)對(dui)測(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。測(ce)量(liang)時(shi)如(ru)果(guo)間(jian)距(ju)過(guo)小(xiao),可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying),會(hui)對(dui)測(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)大(da)誤(wu)差(cha)。減(jian)少(shao)接(jie)地(di)極(ji)測(ce)量(liang)連(lian)接(jie)線(xian)接(jie)觸(chu)電(dian)阻(zu)對(dui)測(ce)量(liang)值(zhi)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。接(jie)地(di)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)需(xu)保(bao)證(zheng)露(lu)出(chu)金(jin)屬(shu)內(nei)表(biao)麵(mian),連(lian)接(jie)時(shi)檢(jian)查(zha)連(lian)接(jie)是(shi)否(fou)牢(lao)靠(kao),接(jie)觸(chu)是(shi)否(fou)良(liang)好(hao),減(jian)少(shao)測(ce)量(liang)誤(wu)差(cha)。防(fang)止(zhi)測(ce)量(liang)時(shi)出(chu)現(xian)接(jie)地(di)極(ji)導(dao)線(xian)過(guo)長(chang)影(ying)響(xiang)測(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang),測(ce)量(liang)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)導(dao)線(xian)盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)擇(ze)短(duan)導(dao)線(xian),會(hui)使(shi)測(ce)量(liang)更(geng)準(zhun)。高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)防(fang)雷(lei)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)選(xuan)用(yong)合(he)適(shi)的(de)測(ce)量(liang)設(she)備(bei)和(he)接(jie)電(dian)儀(yi)器(qi)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)獲(huo)得(de)相(xiang)對(dui)準(zhun)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)。